Limits of XSLT Grouping?

I need to change the snippet below into a hierarchical structure by grouping related elements under new group element. XSLT sounds like the appropriate technology to use here but I don't know enough about it to assess if it's capable of what I need. An example grouping criteria is "1 'd' node followed by some number of '3' nodes, followed by 1 'f' node". I have to perform this task for several separate criteria, so I'd like to know if queries of that nature are possible in XSLT or if I would be better served just giving up and processing the DOM procedurally. I'm completely open to other strategies, as well. For a specific example, I need to convert this-

<root>
    <a>foo</a>
    <b>bar</b>
    <c>baz</c>
    <d>location</d>
    <e>3.14</e>
    <e>6.02</e>
    <e>1.23</e>
    <f>2015</f>
    <d>location</d>
    <e>3.14</e>
    <e>6.02</e>
    <f>2015</f>
</root>

Into this-

<root>
    <a>foo</a>
    <b>bar</b>
    <c>baz</c>
    <sample>
        <d>location</d>
        <e>3.14</e>
        <e>6.02</e>
        <e>1.23</e>
        <f>2015</f>
    </sample>
    <sample>
        <d>location</d>
        <e>3.14</e>
        <e>6.02</e>
        <f>2015</f>
    </sample>
</root>